How to Read Aurora Forecast in an Easy Way!

What are the Northern Lights?

The Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis are one of nature's most spectacular displays. This natural light show usually occurs in the polar regions such as Alaska Finland, northern Norway, northern Sweden and Iceland.

What causes the Aurora?

The Aurora happens when particles from the sun reach Earth and interact with our atmosphere, creating those beautiful glowing lights in the sky.

Why do we see different colors?

The aurora’s colors change depending on which gas the solar particles hit and how high it happens in the atmosphere. Knowing this helps you appreciate the display even more!

• 💚 Green: This is the color you see most often! It happens when the Sun's particles hit oxygen about 60 miles high.
• ❤️ Red: If the particles hit oxygen much, much higher up (around 200 miles), you get a gorgeous, rarer red.
• 💙 Blue: When the particles interact with nitrogen, it creates a lovely blue glow.
• 💜 Purple: This is a tricky, rare mix created by both nitrogen and oxygen colliding at different levels.
• 🧡 Orange: Look closely! This is a blend where the red and green colors overlap slightly.

📷 Pro photographer tip: Not sure if that's the Aurora? Just grab your phone or camera and take a quick photo! Your camera sensor is much more sensitive to light than your eye, and it will reveal the vibrant green and red colors that you might only see as a faint, pale glow. It's the ultimate confirmation! 💚

Northern Lights Forecast

Many people think reading the aurora forecast is complicated (we used to think so too!), but it does not have to be.

Watch this video to learn how to read the Northern Lights forecast.

Real-time aurora forecasts

Real-time aurora forecasts give you up-to-minute updates on your chances of seeing the Northern Lights. They show you when the aurora is likely to appear and how strong it might be, so you can decide when to head out and where to go.

If you’re hoping to catch the Northern Lights, the real-time forecasts are the most accurate Northern Lights forecast you should use.

Key metrics for Aurora hunting

Aurora Strength

Aurora Strength is a way of measuring how active the Northern Lights are likely to be. To figure this out, scientists use sensitive instruments called magnetometers. These devices are placed in many locations around the Nordic countries and can detect tiny changes in Earth’s magnetic field.

When the Northern Lights become active, they disturb Earth’s magnetic field. Magnetometers pick up these disturbances

Here's what you need to know:

• Negative numbers are your best friend: When you see values dropping into negative territory (like -150nT or lower), that's when the aurora starts getting active
• The more negative, the better: if you see value goes down around -200nT to -500nT. Pack your camera, it's going to be spectacular!
• Positive values can be interesting too: Sometimes +150nT means the aurora is "charging up" and about to release an amazing display

😎 Look for those negative values. The more negative they go, the brighter your night is going to be!

Bz Direction

The north-south direction of the interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) is the most important ingredient for auroral activity. Magnetic storms typically occur during negative enough IMF Bz.

😎 To give yourself the best chance of seeing a great light show, we ideally want the Bz value (a measure of magnetic field direction) to be negative. The more negative, especially around -10nT or lower, the better the chances are for good, visible Northern Lights!

Bt Strength

The Northern Lights is more likely created at Earth’poles when the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) crashes more strongly against the magnetic field of earth.

😎 To see bright Northern Lights you need the strength (Bt) to be high (preferably 20nT or higher). The higher it gets, the more intense you will be able to see the aurora.

Solar Wind Speed

Picture the solar wind as a river flowing from the sun. Sometimes it's a gentle stream, sometimes it's raging rapids. The faster it flows, the more energy it delivers to create spectacular auroras.

😎 TLDR: The faster (higher numbers) it gets the stronger aurora you will see.

Cloud Coverage (worst enemies)

The dreaded enemy for aurora hunters = Clouds

There are countless of perfect aurora we have missed because of CLOUDS. It's heartbreaking! Clear, dark skies are absolutely essential, and here's what you need to watch:

• Low clouds: Your worst enemy. They will block everything
• Middle clouds: Annoying but sometimes you can see through gaps
• High clouds: Less problematic, might even add some atmosphere to your photos

🤩 Pro tips: Get Away from the Clouds! Clouds ruin the show. Check the cloud forecast for a location with clear sky that you can see stars. A quick 30-minute drive could instantly change your luck and lead you to a spectacular view of the Northern Lights!

Step-by-step on how to check the forecast tonight

This diagram walks you through an easy, step-by-step approach to planning your night.

Keeping track of all the metrics and remember what they mean can feel overwhelming. But you don’t need to be a scientist to understand it, everyone can understand and see the Northern Lights by themselves if you know what you are looking at. Within Hello Aurora App, everything is explained in simple, easy-to-read way, complete with clear visuals.

4 common mistakes people make when checking the Aurora forecast

(and how to avoid them so you don’t miss the Northern Lights!)

1. Relying on the KP Index

While the Kp index is a popular metric to predict the Northern Lights, it doesn't actually forecast aurora visibility or brightness. If you are a traveler or resident in a northern location like Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Alaska, or Northern Canada you are already in the prime location for seeing the aurora. Relying on the Kp index for a forecast in these regions is a common mistake and the worst mistake when hunting for the Northern Lights.

Kp is a global average, not a local measurement

The Kp index is a planetary average, calculated from magnetometers located around the world. Because it's a 3-hour average, it can completely miss short-lived, intense aurora displays called substorms. As researchers from the Swedish Institute of Space Physics explain, the most intense phase of an aurora often lasts only about 10 minutes. A 3-hour average simply can't capture that. For someone in the north, the aurora can be very active even when the global Kp index is low.

The Kp Index was not created for aurora forecast

The Kp index is a tool used by organizations like the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center. Its primary purpose is to measure the global-scale disturbance of Earth's magnetic field. This information is critical for industries such as:

• Power grids: Strong geomagnetic activity can cause power outages.
• Satellite operators: Storms can create drag on satellites and interfere with their signals.
• Radio communications: High-frequency radio signals can be disrupted.

While the aurora is a beautiful byproduct of this activity, it is not the main reason scientists use the Kp index. The Kp is a convenient and historical way to track space weather for these critical industries, but it is not a direct forecast of what you will see in the sky.

Auroral zone

The most crucial factor for seeing the aurora is your location relative to the auroral oval. This is the ring-shaped region where aurora activity happens most of the time.

For people in southern regions, a high Kp number (like 5 or more) is important because it indicates that the auroral oval is expanding south, making the lights visible from the lower latitude. For example a powerful G4 geomagnetic storm swept across November 11–13, producing spectacular auroras. We received incredible reports and photos from across the southern United States—including Arizona, California, Texas, and several other states that rarely see the northern lights.

For people in northern regions, you are already under or very close to the auroral oval. The aurora can be active at any Kp level, even Kp 0 or 1, because the lights are happening directly above you. As an article from European Space Agency explains, the aurora oval is present at around 65-70 degrees north or south, encircling the polar caps.

Therefore, for people in the North, it's more important to look for other signs of aurora activity, such as clear, dark skies, rather than fixating on the Kp number.

👉 TLDR: The Kp index is an excellent tool for those at mid-latitudes to know if they have a chance of seeing the aurora. However, for those already in the high-latitude aurora zone, relying on the Kp index to decide when to look up is a mistake. The aurora is often active in these regions even during "quiet" conditions. Your best bet is to find a clear night, get away from city lights, and look up!

What to do instead:

• If you’re already in an aurora country
  Focus on real-time aurora activity and local cloud conditions. These two factors matter most because they tell you what’s happening right now above you—not 3 hours ahead. This gives you the best chance of knowing when to step outside.
• If you’re in a place where the Northern Lights are rare
  Knowing the Kp index help you understand you chance in the lower latitude, but don’t rely on them alone.
  Use the Hello Aurora app and turn on:
• Substorm notifications — tells you when activity suddenly gets stronger
• Aurora spotted alerts — real photos and alert from people nearby

This simple combo gives you real, live information so you know when there’s actually something happening in your area.

2. Trusting on long-term forecasts

Long-term forecasts can feel exciting when they look good and disappointing when they don't but they’re really only rough guesses. They’re based on what happened during the last 27-day solar rotation and the Kp index.

The problem?

• The aurora activity can change a lot as the day gets closer.
• The Kp index (often used in long-term forecasts) isn’t reliable on its own.
• Long-term forecasts don’t tell you anything about clouds or local weather—both of which decide whether you can actually see the lights.

What to do instead:
Follow the diagram above and check the forecast on the actual night you plan to go out, and look at your local weather. This gives you the best chance of seeing the Northern Lights.

3. Waiting for a “perfect” time to see the Northern Lights

We get asked all the time: “What time will the Northern Lights be visible?”
We totally wish we could give you the exact hour! but the aurora doesn’t run on a schedule. It depends on space weather and your local weather, and both can change quickly.

The Northern Lights can appear anytime from early evening to early morning, sometimes as early as 6 PM in winter, and sometimes closer to 5 AM. It all depends on:

• Your location
• Light pollution
• Space weather
• Local weather

What to do instead:
Don’t wait for a specific hour. Step outside, keep an eye on the sky, and on Hello Aurora app. We’ve also gathered common “peak times” seen by hunters to help give you a general idea that you can use it with a pinch of salt. Remember, the lights can surprise you anytime.

4. Thinking the Aurora has to be bright

On social media, you usually see the aurora at its brightest with colors such as vivid green, red, or purple. But in real life, it’s often much softer and can even look like a pale mist or faint cloud.

Many people miss the aurora because they expect it to look bold and intense, when it may actually start as something subtle.

What to do instead:
Use your phone or camera to take a quick photo of the sky. Cameras pick up color better than the human eye and can reveal the aurora even when it looks faint. This simple habit helps you avoid missing the show.

How to maximise your chance?

Seeing the Northern Lights is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, but even in prime locations like northern Scandinavia (Finland, Sweden and Norway) and Iceland seeing it can be challenging but not impossible!

Hello Aurora combine real-time forecast with a real-time sightings from real people in the area. With the app, you'll get

• live aurora forecasts
• interactive maps with real reports
• instant notifications whenever aurora activity spikes or someone nearby reports a sighting.
• Combination of real-time magnetometer data, solar wind measurements, and cloud coverage predictions to give you a complete, up-to-the-minute view of aurora conditions.

Even rare, extreme events, like the May 2024 or November 2025 geomagnetic storm during Solar Cycle 25 — can make the Northern Lights visible far beyond their usual range. Hello Aurora users reported aurora sightings in unusual locations such as Mexico, France, Poland, and Germany, and across the United States in California, Georgia, Idaho, and even Florida.

👉 Read detailed article on how to maximise you northern lights success

Our final advices

After years of chasing these lights, here's what we want you to remember:

Don't overthink it. Yes, understanding the science helps, but sometimes the best aurora displays happen when you least expect them. If you're in the north and the sky is clear, go outside and look up!

Be flexible. Conditions change rapidly. That cloudy forecast might clear up, or that "quiet" aurora forecast might suddenly explode into a great show.

Embrace the journey. Some of the best aurora hunting memories aren't even about the lights themselves, they are about the people you met, the places you discovered, and the sense of connection with our incredible planet.

Stay warm and patient. Bring hot drinks, warm clothes, and a good attitude. The aurora does not work on our schedule, but when it does show up, you will understand why people become completely obsessed with chasing these lights.

Remember, if you are anywhere in the northern regions, you do not need some massive geomagnetic storm to see the aurora. Keep an eye on that real-time data, wait for clear skies, and step outside. You might just witness one of the most beautiful phenomena on Earth.

FAQ

Q: What is an Aurora forecast?
A: An aurora forecast or a Northern Lights forecast predicts the likelihood of seeing the Northern based on solar activity, geomagnetic conditions, and weather. It helps you plan your aurora hunting trip.

Q: What is the best Aurora forecast app

A: Hello Aurora is probably the best aurora forecast apps available. It combines real-time aurora predictions with a helpful community of aurora hunters sharing updates and sightings. It’s an all-in-one, must-have app for anyone who wants the best chance of seeing the Northern Lights.

Q: How is the aurora forecast measured?

A: On Hello aurora we provides metric called "Chance of seeing the aurora" which use the calculation of real-time space data, astronomy and weather data from different sources that is closet to your location to give you the likelihood of seeing the Northern Lights.

Q: How accurate are aurora forecasts?

A: We strive to provide as most accurate data possible. We use information from a trust worthy sources. But since this is a natural phenomenon thing cannot be 100% guarantee.

Q: Can I see the Northern Lights in City?

A: yes! the aurora have shown itself inside Reykjavik city. According to our 2025 report. The aurora spotted on Hello aurora for 1400 times in Reykjavik city.

Q: How can I get real-time aurora alerts?

A: You just simply allow notification and we will send you alerts. To maximise your chance you can opt in to pro version and only get the notification from chosen range. This will help you focus only on the specific area.

Q: Can I see the Northern Lights by myself?

A: Yes, you can. If you are in the right location at the right time you chance of seeing the Northern Lights is already high. Learn how the aurora forecast works, download Hello Aurora app and your chance will increase.